Birds of lake Baikal (from the end XIX on the beginning of XXI century): the species structure, distribution and character of stay

On the basis of long term works (1968–2016) and the literature analysis dynamics of fauna of birds of a hollow of lake Baikal more, than for the 150-year-old period is considered. The analysis of the gathered data is spent for two big periods: the end XIX and first half XX cen- turies (prior to the beginning of obvious warming of a climate in the late 40th and the begin- ning of 50th years of the last century) both second half XX and the beginning of XXI century. According to last data, for this time the terminal of a century cycle of a climate and, probably, centuries-old cycle duration of 1800, coming to an end with the heat-dry period (Voronin et al., 2014) is necessary. Considerable warming of a climate of Northern Eurasia, most strongly expressed in Eastern Siberia, has led to augmentation of number of birds in a hollow of the lake Baikal – with 321 to 405 species. Their eviction from the Central Asia (Mongolia and Northeast China), in connection with development here the long shallow period in a climatic cycle, most likely, centuries-old level was the cause of such dynamics of bird fauna. The most appreciable qualitative changes in fauna of birds have descended in the winter period in which warming is expressed most strongly. As in summer, and winter periods the abundance has increased at a small number of new species, and their basic part has negligible number and enters into a cate- gory of bird passage. Changes of number of the most ordinary both numerous species shorebird and a waterfowl, in norm developed Southern Transbaikalia and adjacent areas of the Central Asia which are bound to dilating of northern borders of areals and shift of their optimum in northern widths are more significant.